Introduction In the interconnected world of cybersecurity, organisations, nations, and individuals constantly confront strategic decisions regarding resource allocation, information sharing, and defence against cyber threats. One of the most compelling frameworks for analysing these challenges is the Prisoner’s Dilemma, a foundational game theory concept highlighting the paradox of cooperation versus self-interest. At a high level, the Prisoner’s Dilemma describes a scenario in which two rational actors, despite having an optimal cooperative strategy, might act selfishly due to a lack of trust, resulting in suboptimal outcomes. The original explanation of the Prisoner’s Dilemma is a scenario in which ...