Japan is no longer treating cyber threats as a background policy issue. As attacks soar across the region, Japan has taken the position toward active cyber defence, which in turn signals a more assertive national security posture.

Mr. Kitamura, former National Security Advisor of Japan, is aware that the threat environment left little room for delay and understands why Japan drew a line in the sand.

“The risk is always there,” he said. “Considering the surrounding security situation and the public opinion approved the passing of the new legislation.”

The approach did not come without controversy. Expanded authorities raised concerns around communications secrecy, but Mr. Kitamura argues the tradeoff was in fact necessary.

“I believe from the viewpoint of the security, it’s a big step for Japan to assume the more important responsibility with allies and the friendly countries.”

Mr. Kitamura warned against treating cyberspace as a theoretical or purely passive domain.

“Taiwan is always threatened by disinformation and cyber attacks,” he said. “Japan faces the same situation, not only from China, but from other directions as well.”

He pointed to a recent cyberattack on a major Japanese food and beverage group originating from Russia as evidence that the threat is already onshore.

“These are serious threats, and they are increasing inside the Japanese territory.”

National security decisions rarely come with full clarity and fidelity. Mr. Kitamura explained that uncertainty is the norm, not the exception.

The former National Security Advisor shared his experience working with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, which shaped his view that hesitation is more dangerous than imperfect action. The plan is to act, then stand by that decision.

Artificial intelligence has dramatically moved the balance in cyberspace, Mr. Kitamura said.

“AI has completely changed the modus operandi of cyber attacks,” he noted. “Phishing, lateral movement, and attack coordination can now be automated.”

Speed and velocity is the defining factor.

“Change and speed is the most important point. And it also provides a multilateral attack from the adversary.”

To counter this, Japan has focused on breaking down information silos and strengthening coordination, including the creation of a more powerful National Cyber Office.

Mr. Kitamura is of the belief that attackers still have edge and warns about the asymmetry between attackers and defenders.

“The attacker only needs to find one vulnerability. The defender must always be right.”

Once inside, the consequences can be severe.

“A successful penetration can have a massive impact on industry management and national stability.”

Preparation, Mr. Kitamura argued, cannot be theoretical.

“Cyber ranges provide a platform for central government, local government and the private sector to train together.”

Continuous rehearsal is critical, especially as attacks grow faster and more complex.

Looking ahead, Mr. Kitamura said cyber defence will define economic and national resilience.

​“Enhancing cyber defence capability is essential to maintaining industrial and economic stability,” he said. “Cyber defence is now one of the most important national security issues.”